Chapter 17 - A Study on the use of Coffee Grounds, Banana Peels, and Egg Shells as Natural Fertilizer by: Bernard S. Marasigan

Globally, the overuse of chemical fertilizers has led to soil degradation, environmental pollution, and increased costs for farmers. While these fertilizers provide essential nutrients for plant growth, their long-term effects include reduced soil fertility, groundwater contamination, and harmful emissions. As agricultural sustainability becomes a pressing issue, researchers seek eco-friendly alternatives that maintain soil health while reducing dependency on synthetic fertilizers. In response to this global challenge, this study investigates the use of organic waste materials such as coffee grounds, banana peels, and eggshells as natural fertilizers. The research specifically examines their effectiveness in improving soil quality and promoting the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) plants. The study found that organic fertilizers made from these household wastes effectively enhance plant growth and soil health. Experimental results showed that 80% of plants treated with organic fertilizer exhibited taller growth than those in the control group. Nutrient analysis revealed that the compost provided essential nutrients, including nitrogen (30%), potassium (60%), and calcium (10%). Additionally, the majority of evaluators (60%) rated the organic fertilizer as highly effective, while 40% considered it moderately effective. The organic compost also contributed to strong root development in 60% of plants and maintained optimal soil moisture levels (70%), proving its viability as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. These findings suggest that utilizing coffee grounds, banana peels, and eggshells as fertilizers is a sustainable and cost-effective solution for improving soil fertility and plant health. This study demonstrates that composting organic waste can serve as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fertilizers, reducing agricultural waste while maintaining high crop productivity. Future research should explore long-term effects, optimize composting methods, and test the application of these organic fertilizers on different plant species to further validate their benefits in sustainable agriculture.