---
✅ PART – A (2 MARK ANSWERS)
1. HRM
Human Resource Management is the process of recruiting, developing, maintaining and managing employees in an organization.
2. Placement
Placement means assigning the selected candidate to the most suitable job in the organization.
3. Collective Bargaining
A negotiation process between employer and employee representatives to settle issues like wages and working conditions.
4. Remuneration
The total financial and non-financial compensation paid to an employee for the work done.
5. Fringe Benefits
Additional benefits given to employees apart from salary, such as PF, insurance, gratuity and allowances.
6. Industrial Dispute
A conflict between employers and employees related to employment terms like wages or working conditions.
7. MBO (Management by Objectives)
A system where managers and employees jointly set goals and evaluate performance based on goal achievement.
8. Welfare
Measures provided by employers to improve the physical, mental and social well-being of employees.
9. HR Accounting & Audit
HR Accounting measures the value of human resources.
HR Audit evaluates the effectiveness of HR policies and practices.
10. Internal & External Environment of HRM
Internal: Culture, employees, management style.
External: Laws, technology, competition, labour market.
11. Promotion
Upgrading an employee to a higher position with greater responsibility and pay.
12. Selection
Choosing the most suitable candidate from the applicants for a job.
13. Performance Appraisal
A systematic evaluation of an employee's job performance.
14. Personnel Management
Traditional approach focusing on employee hiring, wages and basic welfare.
15. Placements
Posting an employee to a specific job role after selection.
16. 360° Performance Appraisal
Performance feedback collected from supervisors, peers, subordinates and self.
17. Career Development
A process of enhancing an employee's skills, knowledge and growth opportunities.
18. Labour Welfare
Activities aimed at improving workers' working and living conditions.
19. Interview
A formal meeting where an employer evaluates a candidate's suitability for a job.
20. Labour Relations
The relationship between employers and employees involving cooperation and dispute settlement.
21. Employee Turnover
The rate at which employees leave and need to be replaced.
22. Job Evaluation
A method to determine the relative worth of jobs to fix fair wages.
23. Difference Between Transfer & Promotion
Transfer: Shift to another job with same rank/pay.
Promotion: Upward movement with higher pay and responsibility.
24. Induction & Retrenchment
Induction: Introducing new employees to the organization.
Retrenchment: Terminating employees due to lack of work or financial issues.