chromosome is a structure within a cell that contains the genetic information, or DNA, organized into genes. These thread-like structures are made of protein and DNA, and they reside in the nucleus of cells. Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46, with one pair being the sex chromosomes (XX or XY).
Key points about chromosomes:
Structure:
Chromosomes are made of DNA tightly wrapped around proteins called histones.
Function:
They carry the genetic information that determines an organism's traits and characteristics.
Location:
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells, except for sperm and eggs.
Human Chromosomes:
Humans have 46 chromosomes, including 22 pairs of autosomes (numbered 1-22) and one pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y).
Cell Division:
Chromosomes are visible under a microscope during cell division, when the DNA is tightly packed.
Gene Location:
Each chromosome has a specific banding pattern, which helps identify the location of genes.