For humanity, there are actually not many ways to avoid disasters.
In ancient times, human technology was not advanced, and people back then had little to no ability to resist natural disasters; floods and earthquakes, for example, could easily destroy human homes.
A large number of people would die due to disasters, and even those who survived could only struggle to rebuild their homes, with many becoming displaced.
Thus, there were often displaced people in ancient times: these were people who had lost their homes due to famines or other disasters and had no choice but to migrate to other places.
Even in modern times, when human technology is ever-changing, it's still quite difficult to combat natural disasters.
For ordinary small-scale natural disasters, people can rely on sturdy buildings and the support provided by modern technology to resist them, at least preventing their homes from being destroyed, making reconstruction relatively easier.
